Hence, it is becoming clear that the imperialists have employed the rhetoric of the Herculean myth to express their difficulties in containing a form of economic globalization instituted by imperialism. Rather than reacting to a genuine threat of offence, colonial elites have instead been assigning the taint of the Hydra to whichever group that contested their authority. (Linebaugh & Rediker, 2000) As first-hand testimonies of colonial officers and historians prove, the claim for Herculean virtues and the imposition of bestial vices to the two groups is arbitrary, propagandist and largely a matter of convenience for the rulers. It is no surprise then, that, only those with vested interests in promoting imperialist rule were the most vocal in the dissemination of the myth. But when we take into account the voices of the weak and subordinate, a totally different picture emerges. The Experiences of an Indentured Servant is a moving and saddening piece of emotional outpouring. Written by indentured laborer Richard Frethorne to his parents, the letter captures the conditions and feelings of those ruled in the Virginia of early 17th century.
“And I have nothing to comfort me, nor is there nothing to be gotten here but sickness and death, except that one had money to lay out in some things for profit. But I have nothing at all no, not a shirt to my back but two rags, nor clothes but one poor suit, nor but one pair of shoes, but one pair of stockings, but one cap, but two bands…So that I have not a penny, nor a penny worth, to help me too either spice or sugar or strong waters, without the which one cannot live here.” (Frethorne, 1623, p.2)
In the case of Richard Frethorne and his lot, the conditions were precarious right from the beginning of their long voyage by sea. Even on land, some of them barely managed to survive while others were not even that lucky. Jamestown, which was one of the stationing towns for indentured laborers, was witness to many stories of agony and misery among the imported wage workers. Most of the work centered on import and export activities from the port. Work often began at the break of dawn and went on till midnight, hardly giving laborers enough time for rest and recuperation. Whether it rained or shined, the workers were mercilessly held to account for their contract, which was acutely inhuman by any measure. (Frethorne, 1623, p.3)
The hostile conditions for indentured laborers and other subjects of the empire were highlighted by researchers Peter Linebaugh and Marcus Rediker. They lay out some valid reasons exposing the flimsy claims of the myth in the first chapter of their book. They note that it is all too convenient to get carried away by the effervescence of the myth, without paying critical attention to the reality. For example, the kind of turbulence awaiting sailors ashore is resonantly captured thus:
“On July 25, 1609, the sailors of the Sea-Venture scanned the horizon and spotted danger. Separated from their convoy of eight other vessels sailing from Plymuoth westward to Virginia, England’s first New World colony, they spied a tempest- or what the Carib Indians called a hurricane – scudding swiftly toward them…” (Linebaugh & Rediker, 2000, p.8)